Monday, September 13, 2010

AMERICAN ENGLISH :                                                                                                                                          By the term “American English” ,it is generally meant the English language spoken by the native inhabitants of America.In the 17th century the British colonized in the east coast of America and in this way English language was taken to there.However the terminology is and whatever  English language the Britons brought there,America has made their English in accordance with their circumtances.So,there is a lot differences between British English and American English.                                                                                                            A. In terms of spelling a lot of changes have been occurred in American English.                                                                                                                                                                 1. ‘u’ is dropped as in ‘honor’, ‘color’, ‘labor’.                                                                      2. Single consonant is used in place of two. ‘Program’, ‘traveler’ ,’wagon’.                                                                                                                                                    3. ‘er’ is substituted by ‘re’ as in ‘center’, ‘theater’ , ‘fiber’.                                     4.’s’ was replaced for ‘c’ as in ‘defense’ , ‘offense’.                                           Several American words such as ‘ax’ (British ‘axe’),’tire(tyre). ‘Czar’(Tsar) and ‘jail’(gaol) are now accesed in their language.                                                            B. In case of pronunciation ,American English is weaker in both word stress and sentence stress.consequently it is more monotonous,but it is more distinctive.Where an English spends his breathe so much on the streesed syllables that the unstressed syllables are sometimes inaudible,the American speaker pronounces with clarity the unstressed and stressed syllables.                                                            1. In English the word “student” is pronounced as /stju:d∂nt/,but in America the speakers pronounce /stu:d∂nt/.                                                                2.In English if /r/ occures at the end of a word ,unless the next  word begins with a vowel,the /r/ is not pronouned;but in American English the /r/ is pronounced in all positions,such as “farmer”(/fa:rm∂r/)                                            3.In American phonetics,there is an existence of a diphthong /ou/ as in ‘boat’(/bout/) ,but English phonetics does not permit this.                                                  4. In the words ‘been’ and ‘leisure’ the American pronounce it as ‘bin’ and ‘lisure’.                                                                                                                                                            5.In the words ‘necessary’ and ‘secretary’ , the Americans make the third syllable stressed,but in English the third syllable stressed.                                        6.In American English,the medial /t/ is transcribed as /t/, as in ‘butter’.                                                                                                                                                                                  7.Ther is no difference between dark /l/ and clear /l/,as found in B.R.P.                                                                                                                                                     C.   In terms of  grammer,the usual English Rules of Preposition is not followed in American English.The English usual form is “aim at going”,but the Americans use it as “aim to go”.Another difference is found due to the osition of adverb (English:He was found frequently late;American:He frequently was found late.).Investigation on syntax  will reveal more perspectives.                                                                                                                                                   D.   The colonists seemed to have borrowed some of new words with their new habitation.                                                                                                                                          From French :Bureau.Portage.                                                                                                 From Dutch :Cookie ,stoop,boss.                                                                                             From German:Noodle,smearcase.                                                                               E.    For their own purpose and interests,Americans have invented some new words:                                                                                                                                          Existing British words                                                               American words                            1.Railway                                                                                     Railroad                                                2.driver                                                                                         Engineer                                              3.guard                                                                                         conductor                                                                    In this way we can discuss about  the American english language.